Coal-bunker for men-of-war.



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PATENTED SEPT. l, 1908. H. A. KAUERMANN. kCOAL BUNKER POR MBN-OF-WAR.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.15, 1906.

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No. 897,374. PATENTBD SEPT. 1, 190B. H. ALKAUERMANN. GOAL BUNKER PORMENOF-WAR.

APPYIIOAKTION FILED NOV. 15, 1906.

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UNITED sTArEs PATENT ormoni.

HEINRICH AUGUST KAUERMANN OF DUISBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OFDUISBURGER MASOHINENBAU AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT VORM. BEOHEM t KEETMAN,

OF DUISBURG, GERMANY.

COAL-IB'U'NKERv FOR MEN-OF-AWAR.

To all whom it may concern.'

Beit known that I, HEINRICH AUGUST KAUERMANN, a subject of the GermanEmperor, residing at 42 Realschulstrasse, Duisburg, Germany, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Coal-Bunkers forMen-of-War, of which the/following is a specification.

On board warships the coal has hitherto been stowed in longitudinal andcross bunkers, called hold-bunkers, which were arranged around engineandboiler-holds. From these hold-bunkers the coal is conveyed through thebunker-sliding-doors. directly into the stoke hole. Coal which cannotiind room in these hold-bunkers, is kept above the armor-decks inspecial lower-deck bunkers, serving generally as reserve bunkers.

These lower-deck bunkers usually discharge into the stoke holes throughthe hold-bunkers, after these have been emptied.

The known methods vof arranging the bunkers show various disadvantages:owing to the great drop, the coal is very much broken g the trimming ofthe coal in the bunkers is greatly impeded; by opening the bunker-doorsthe Stoke-holes are in great danger of being flooded; the stability ofthe vessel loses greatly by the coal being taken from the lower bunkersonly.

The purpose of the present invention is to avoid these and otherdisadvantages. The problem is to connect the lower-deck bunkers,situated above the hold-bunkers, directly with the- Stoke-holes by meansof chutes, so that they no more represent reserve-bunkers, and it isrendered possible to use them at the same time with the lowerlongitudinal and cross bunkers. In this instance the lower-deck bunkerwill also serve as distributing means for distributing the supply ofcoal into all bunkers, without the latter communicating in series. Thedistribution of the coal from the lower-deck bunkers can be suitablyeffected by means of longitudinal or cross conveyers, which may reachacross the whole breadth of the vessel. Furthermore the possibility isgiven to mechanically charge the coal-trucks from collecting tanks,arranged above the between deck bunkers. Such arrangement of collectingtanks further renders it possible to carry out the supply of coal fromoutside and itsdistribution on board the vessel independ- Specicaton ofLetters Patent.

Application filed November 15, 1906.

Patented Sept. 1, 1908.

Serial No. 343,555.

ently of each other, and to facilitate the conveyance to the wingbunkers and the sides of the lower-deck bunkers by means of suitablearrangements. This might be obtained by reversing arrangements providedon the collecting tanks.

The new arrangement of the bunkers offers considerable advantages fromvarious points of view: The coal can be shipped from the coaling vesselby means of any kind of conveyance and is greatly facilitated. With theknown arrangement of the bunkers the numerous narrow coal chutesdistributed along the length' of the hold-bunkers necessitate thecoaling to be done both from the shore and from a coaling vessel, inbaskets or bags, as by means of these the coal is in the easiest mannerdistributed to the numerous coalchutes of the coaling-deck. If theservice bunkers are situated above the armor-deck, and can be madeaccessible from the coaling decks by large hatchways, the refilling ofthe service bunkers will be far. easier, and in place of bags andbaskets automatic conveyers, as clam-shell buckets and the like can beemployed.

It is further of importance, that the coaling and the distribution ofthe coal can be carried out independently of each other. The war shipscan uninterruptedly take over coal from the coaling vessel or from theshore, as there is sufficient space where the coal taken on board can bedumped previous to being stowed away in the bunkers.

If, as it was the custom hitherto, the coal for feeding the boilers isdrawn first from the hold bunkers, it becomes very disadvantageous torefill these bunkers in so far, as they are situated below thearmor-deck and far away from the coaling deck. As according to thepresent invention the lower-deck bunkers are use-d as service bunkers itis considerably easier to reiill the service bunkers; these are besidessituated nearer to the coaling point, and access is obtained to themthrough wide coal-hatchways. As the coalhatchways are easily made ofgreat length the coal will almost stow away itself automatically onbeing taken over. It will besides be of advantage, that the coal is nomore treated so roughly, as it needs no more to be dumped from such aheight and the trimming becomes more easy. Dumping or dropping the coalcan be even entirely avoided by conveying the coal through the hatchwaysdirect into the bunkers without 'first unloading it on deck. This isalso of importance, as heretofore by refilling the coal in bags orbaskets, by discharging it into the coal chutes and dropping it from aheight of 6-12 1n. into the hold bunkers the coal was very much broken.By the present invention such breaking of the coal is greatly reduced.rlhe consequence of this reduction in breaking the coal is the fact thatthe coaling of the vessel can be carried out with far greatercleanliness. The generation of dust is also greatly reduced.

The number of coal-holes through which the coal taken over is conveyedinto the bunkers can be greatly reduced.

1f with the known arrangement of the hold bunkers, these are notrefilled after they have been emptied, the coal from the lower-deckbunkers must be trimmed through the hold bunkers into the furnace hold,an operation which is so troublesome, that deck hands have to be calledupon for assistance, in order to supply coal in sufficient quantity forthe fires. rl`he hitherto employed bunker arrangement therefore requiresmany trimmer hands and reduces the value of the coal by the latter beingbroken by the trimming, so that the attendance of the hres becomes moretedious, the economic efficiency of the boiler and the radius of actionof the war ship are reduced. Vith the new bunker arrangement the coal issupplied to the fires over the shortest way and by the simplest means,so that trimming is greatly reduced.

A considerable advantage consists in much time being saved owing to thetaking over and the distribution being independent of each other, andthis saving is particularly valuable on board of war ships. As it is notaffected by the distribution of the coal, the coaling can be carried.out in a rapid and uninterrupted manner. The coal can be rapidlydistributed into the bunkers, as in the spacious lower-deck bunkers amechanical conveyance by means of traveling cranes and dumping bucketstraveling on overhead rails with switches, to the furnace -hold chutes,is possible. Such mechanical conveyance renders it further possible touniformly charge the bunkers, even if the coal is taken over from acoaling vessel on one side of the ship only. It is of importance that byproviding cross truckways in the spacious lower-deck bunkers the coalcan also be conveyed to the opposite side of the vessel. The coal can beconveyed in the service bunkers athwart the ship, so that in case coalcan be taken over on one side of the vessel only, a list of the ship isnevertheless avoided. As besides the hold-bunkers are drawn upon only incase of emergency, a danger of the stoke-holes being flooded is almostout of The space which might be flooded in the lower-deck bunkers arebesides considerably smaller as they are separated by inclined bunkerbulkheads from separate wing bunkers, so that the vessel will list lessin case of flooding, whereas with the hitherto einployed bunkerarrangement the between deck bunker reaches up to the shell of thevessel.

The coal supply points in the furnace holds can be increased, as thelower deck bunkers are employed as service bunkers and the danger offlooding becomes less. rherefore coal can be supplied to the fires insufficient quantity, which is of particular importance in case of forcedservice. In cases of emergency both bunkers (service and reservebunkers) can be drawn upon. It is possible to draw coal from the lowerdeck bunkers as well as from the hold bunkers. Until now this wasgenerally not possible; only the coal from the hold bunkers was at thedisposal of the fires, while the coal from the lower deck bunkers couldbe used only after the hold bunkers had been emptied.

It is further important, that the coal can be conveyed directly to thefires, and this not only if drawn from the hold bunkers but also whendrawn from the lower deck bunkers.

The new bunker arrangement is particularly favorable, where the enginesare arranged amidships and the boilers fore and aft the engine-holds. Insuch instances the entire lower-deck above the engine holds, except theventilation shafts and a central pas.- sage can be employed asservice-bunker. ln consequence if a given quantity of coal is to bestowed in the lower deck bunkers, the height of the lower deck bunkercan be reduced, and in certain war ships, as in small cruisers, thearmor deck can be raised and thereby thc space available for engines andthe like be increased.

A considerable disadvantage of the known bunker arrangements consists inthe sfability of the vessel, and particularly in case of action, beingreduced by the consumption of the coal in the deeply situatedhold-bunkers. As according to the present invention the coal is firstdrawn from the lower deck bunkers, thus from above, theI stability ofthe vessel increases both in steaming and in action. The hold bunkersremain full for a long time and thereby afford a favorable protectionagainst projectiles, torpedoes, underwater explosions and the like. Alsothe coal protection behind the sidc armor above the incline of the armordeck is obtained by an inclined bunker wall being provided froln theknee of the armor deck up to the next deck above, on which inclined wallthe coal will slip down both while filling and while emptying thebunkers.

The interruptions in the armor deck for question, as the bunker-doorsremain closed. l the coal transport are more amidships and up to theneXt deck above.

are therefore less dangerous, than in the position they had heretofore,where they were situated more towards the sides of the vessel. The othercoal-holes remain closed during the journeyr and only need be opened forcharging the hohl bunkers. If the shell plating of the war ships aboveand below water line has been destroyed, the danger of flooding isconsiderably smaller. The hands required for taking over and handlingthe coal can be reduced in number, as on the one hand automaticdischarging devices and on the other mechanical conveyers on board thevessel can be employed. Also in other respects advantages are obtained,which will become evident from the following descrip-V tion.

In the accompanying drawing the new bunker arrangement is exemplified intwo designs.

Figures 1-5 show an arrangement with coal shafts without collecting tankabove thel lower deck bunker. Fig. 6 is an arrangement with collectingtank. Fig. 7 is a design of a collecting tank.

In the first form the longitudinal bunkers -1- inclose the engine andboiler holds on the sides. Above these are arranged the lower deckbunkers -2-, and on the sides of the latter the wing bunkers 3- arearranged, being separated therefrom by an inclined partition, as shown.Collecting tanks -4- serve for charging the lower deck bunkers and maybe closed by doors -5-. The lower deck bunker -2- communicates with thewing bunker -3- by means of water-tight doors -6- in the said inclinedpartitions and with the hold bunkers byA armor hatchways -7-. The doors5 of the collecting tanks 4 are arranged opposite the doors 6 in theinclined partitions, so that the coal can be discharged directly intothe wing bunkers when desired. From the4 lower deck bunker coal chutes-8- lead directly to the stoke holes. The longitudinal bunkers -lcan beemptied into these holds through sliding-doors -9-. In the lower-deckbunkers -2- are provided with conveyers 10 on suspension ways 10a,serving to distribute the coal in the lower deck bunkers and convey ittothe wing and longitudinal bunkers and the chutes -8- leading into thefurnace hold.

The wing bunker *-3- is arranged in such a manner, that partition orwall -11- rises from the knee of the armor deck obliquely The watertightdoor -6- can be so arranged and of such size that the suspension andconveyance trucks can run right into bunker -BH or into such a position,that they are easily emptied.

The charging from outside is carried out in the coal being suppliedthrough collecting tanks 4H to the lower deck bunker -2 -pin -25-- andis from here taken by conveyers or trimmers to bunkers 1- and -3. Herebyit is of importance, that the coal can be conveyed through doors -12-(Fig. 5) in the inside chute of the lower deck bunker to the other sideof the vessel, so that the coal taken over on one side of the vessel isuniformly distributed on bothsides.

Generally the consumption of coal can be wholly supplied from the lowerdeck bunker 2.- and this bunker be refilled. In cases of emergency andvwhen the boilers are worked under forced service, coal can also bedrawn from bunker -vlthrough door -9-, eventually also from crossbunkers, not vshown in the drawing but arranged in the same manner asbunker -1-. Coal is drawn fr'om wing bunkers ,-3, after bunkers 2- havebeen emptied, through door 6* by means of the conveyers and chutes -8-.

The form shown in Fig. 6 differs from the above described form by thearrangement of th'e collecting tanks w15-, which communicate by means ofdoors 16 with the coal bunkers -2-. Each collecting tank `15- isprovided with a portion 17- pivoted at -18- so as to be swung into theposition shown at the left or to the position shown at the right of Fig.6. When the part -17- is in the positionv shown at the right of saidfigure, it forms an extension for the upper part of the collecting tank,which reaches to the side of the vessel, so that the upper end. of thesaid tank is enlarged, thereby facilitating the charging of the tankfrom the conveyer buckets -19-.

In the form shown the coaling vessel 20 is supposed to have a derrickcrane '-21- so that the coal can be conveyed by means of travelers andconveyer buckets m19- of any type into the collecting tank 154; afterthe coaling is completed, part -17- can be swung back into the positionshown on the left hand side of said figure, so as to leave a free sidepassage on the upper deck, and not to infringe on the range of the guns.Below the swiveling part --17-d of the collecting tank is a trap-door-24 turning on If this trap-door is turned towards the inside as shownby dotted lines on the right hand in the drawing the coal can passthrough the shaft -26-, into the corner 27.- of the lower deck bunker-2- or if door -6- of the bulwark 11- is opened, directly into thewing-bunker --3-.

The arrangement offers the particular ad* vantage that the coal vcan bekept to such a height in the collecting tank, that it need not drop whendoor -16 is opened. On the contrary the coal can be conducted throughthis bottom door 16- of the collecting tank directly into the conveyerbuckets or trucks, as shown in the drawing in form of lorries *2S- Bymeans lof these conveyances the coal can be moved both lengthwise andacross the vessel. lt is of importance that the lower deck bunker -2- becharged only after the other bunkers have been illed so that it mayserve both as service bunker and as distributing bunker tor charging theother bunkers. i

In Fig. 7 is shown a type ot collecting tank l5-g the bottom ot whichterminates in tour hoppers G- which can each be closed by a separatedoor 1G- This arrangement means a further facilitating oli the supplyand handling ot the coal.

rlhe above described bunker arrangement can be modilied in variousrespects. So the wing bunker 3- might be extended towards the insidebeyond the incline ol the armor deck, so that a chute on the horizontalpart olE the armor deck will lead direct into thc stokc hole, and thewing bunkers 3- need not be emptied through the bunker The conveyers andtruck-lines in the lower deck bunker may be of any type. rlhe reversingarrangements on thc collecting tank may be omitted and the collectingtanks can be made to told together, also they can be made of anysuitable type; instead ot tolding doors or lids sliding doors or thelike may be used.

Having now described my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent ol" the United States is:

l. A war-ship provided with one or more boilers in the middle ot theship, hold bunkers, lower deck-bunkers, and oblique chutes leadingthwartships trom the lateral deck bunkers to the middle of the ship anddirectly into the tiring rooms.

2. A war-ship provided with one or more boilers in the middle ot theship, hold bunkers, lower deck bunkers divided by bulkheads into innerandA outer compartments, and oblique chutes leading thwartships l'romone ot the compartments ot the deck bunkers tothe middle of the ship anddirectly into the Vtiring rooms.

3. A war-ship provided with one or more boilers in the middle ol" theship, hold bunkers, lower deck bunkers, oblique chutes leadingthwartships lrom the lateral deck bunkers to the middle olE the ship anddirectly into the tiring rooms, and collecting tanks above the deckbunkers and c( nnnunicating with the same.

4. A war-ship provided with hold bunkers, a lower deck bunker divided byan. inclined partition into inner and outer compartments, said partitionhaving a door therein, a chute leading lrom one of' the compartments otthe deck bunker directly to the stoke hole ot the furnace, and acollecting tank arranged above the inclined partition ot the deck bunkerand. provided in its bottom with a door opposite the door in the. saidinclined partition, so that the outer compartment ot the deck bunker canbe directly lilled trom the collecting tank.

5. A war ship provided with hold bunkers, lower deck bunkers, chutesleading l'rom the deck bunkers directly to the stoke holes ol thelurnace, and collecting tanks above the deck bunkers and communicatingwith the same, said collecting tanks having a hinged section adapted tobe swung inwardly to leave a side passage on the deck, the section whenthe tank is in use extending to the side ot the ship.

G. A war ship provided with hold, bunkers, lower deck bunkers above thehold bunkers, chutes leading trom the deck bunkers directly to the stokeholes ol'v the furnace, conveyer trucks in the deck bunkers, andeollecting tanks above the deck bunkers and connnunicating therewith.

7, A war ship provided with hold bunkers, lower deck bunkers above thehold. bunkers and divided bv a partition into inner and outercompartments, chutes leading from the inner compartments ot the deckbunkers directly to the stokc holes ot the l'urnaee, and suspensionconvever-ways extending across the entire breadth ol" the deck bunkers.

A war ship provided with a bunker at cach side olE the hold, a lowerdeck bunker' above each hold bunker and. having at the bottom ot itsouter portion downwardly and outwardly inclined, downwardly and.inwardly inclined partitions in said bunkers dividing the same into twocompartments, doors in the partitions, hatchways establishingcommunication between the inner compartment of the deck bunkers with thehold bunkers, and chutes leading trom the said inner compartments of thedeck bunkers to the stoke. holes ot the lurnace.

A war ship provided with a lower deck bunker and a collecting tank onthe deck above the bunker, said tank having a door in its bottom andprovided with a hinged scction adapted to be swung inwardly to leave aside passage on the deck, the section when the tank is in use extendingto the side ot the ship.

10. A war ship provided with a lower deck bunker, and a collecting tankon the deck above thc bunker, said tank having a hinged section adaptedto be swung inwardly to leave a side passage on the deck, said. sectionwhen the tank is in use extending to the side ol the ship, the tankhaving a door in its bottom and side below the hinged section.

ln testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand in presence ot twosubscribing witnesses this 23rd day olI NovemberwltlOt.

ll lll N li l (lll MIG UST kA HERMANN.

lvitin-isses:

M. Exclus, ALFRED Ptiinaniviir.

